แม่แบบ:กล่องข้อมูล โบรอน
หน้าตา
![]() boron (β-rhombohedral)[1] | |||||||||||||||
โบรอน | |||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation | /ˈbɔːrɒn/ | ||||||||||||||
Allotropes | α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (and more) | ||||||||||||||
Appearance | น้ำตาลดำ | ||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(B) | |||||||||||||||
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โบรอน in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||
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Group | group 13 (boron group) | ||||||||||||||
Period | period 2 | ||||||||||||||
Block | p-block | ||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 2p1 | ||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 3 | ||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | ของแข็ง | ||||||||||||||
Melting point | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Density when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.08 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 480 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 11.087 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −5, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3[4][5] (a mildly acidic oxide) | ||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.04 | ||||||||||||||
Atomic radius | empirical: 90 pm | ||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 84±3 pm | ||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 192 pm | ||||||||||||||
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Other properties | |||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | รอมโบฮีดรัล | ||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 16,200 m/s (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | (β form) 5–7[6] µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 27.4 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | ~106 Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | ไดอะแมกเนติก[7] | ||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | ~9.5 | ||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-42-8 | ||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||
Discovery | โฌแซ็ฟ หลุยส์ แก-ลูว์ซัก, หลุยส์ ฌัก เธนาด์[8] (30 มิถุนายน 1808) | ||||||||||||||
First isolation | ฮัมฟรี เดวี[9] (9 กรกฎาคม 1808) | ||||||||||||||
Isotopes of โบรอน | |||||||||||||||
Template:infobox โบรอน isotopes does not exist | |||||||||||||||
อ้างอิง
- ↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Boron". CIAAW. 2009.
- ↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.
- ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
- ↑ Schroeder, Melanie. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (ภาษาเยอรมัน). p. 139.
- ↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์) - ↑ Lide, David R. (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.
- ↑ Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique," Annales de chimie [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, pp. 169–174.
- ↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 33–104.
- ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-09-21.
- ↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.