เชื้อชาติ

เชื้อชาติ (อังกฤษ: race) คือ ระบบการจำแนกมนุษย์เป็นประชากรหรือกลุ่มขนาดใหญ่และแตกต่างกันชัดเจน โดยลักษณะจีโนไทป์และฟีโนไทป์ที่สืบทอดได้ บรรพบุรุษทางภูมิศาสตร์ รูปลักษณ์ทางกาย ความเป็นชาติพันธุ์ (ethnicity) และสถานภาพสังคม ช่วงต้นคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 20 คำนี้มักใช้กันแพร่หลาย ในความหมายทางอนุกรมวิธาน เพื่อแสดงการแยกความแตกต่างทางพันธุกรรมของประชากรมนุษย์ที่นิยามโดยฟีโนไทป์ การบังคับใช้กฎหมายใช้ประโยชน์จากเชื้อชาติในการรวบรวมข้อมูลผู้ต้องสงสัยในบางประเทศ การใช้หมวดหมู่เชื้อชาติเหล่านี้มักถูกวิพากษ์วิจารณ์ว่า ทำให้ความเข้าใจในการแปรผันทางชีววิทยามนุษย์ที่ล้าสมัยไปแล้วยังคงอยู่ และส่งเสริมทัศนคติโดยทั่วไปของสังคม (stereotype) เพราะในหลายสังคม การจัดกลุ่มเชื้อชาติสอดคล้องอย่างใกล้ชิดกับแบบแผนของการแบ่งชั้นทางสังคม สำหรับนักสังคมศาสตร์ที่กำลังศึกษาความไม่เสมอภาคทางสังคมแล้ว เชื้อชาติสามารถเป็นตัวแปรสำคัญได้ ในฐานะตัวแปรทางสังคมวิทยา หมวดหมู่เชื้อชาติอาจสะท้อนสิ่งบ่งชี้อัตวิสัย อัตลักษณ์ตัวตน และสถาบันทางสังคมได้บางส่วน

สรุปความทางนิติศาสตร์และนิติเวชวิทยาศาสตร์

เชื้อชาติ คือ ระบบทางพันธุ์กรรม(DNA) หรือ ลักษณะทางกายวิภาคศาสตร์(สรีระวิทยา)ได้แก่ เล็บ,ขน,ผม,ฟัน,ผิวหนัง ซึ่งสามารถบ่งบอกถึงระบบหมู่โลหิต A,B,AB,O หรือ ระบบABO เป็นสิ่งที่มีติดตัวมาแต่กำเนิดไม่สามารถบอกเลิกระบบหมู่โลหิต หรือ ยกเลิกระบบหมู่โลหิตดังกล่าวได้ แต่สามารถโอนถ่าย และ/หรือ ถ่ายเทให้แก่กันและกันได้ด้วยหลักทางการแพทย์และพยาบาลที่ถูกต้องตามหลักมาตรฐานสากลโลก(W.H.O.) ซึ่งสามารถพิสูจน์ได้ด้วยกฏเกณฑ์ทางนิติเวชวิทยาศาสตร์.

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